By Khushi Patel
Menstrual hygiene is a crucial aspect of reproductive health, enabling individuals to manage their periods with confidence and comfort. With numerous options available, including pads, tampons, menstrual cups, and period underwear, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Each choice caters to unique needs, lifestyles, and values, spanning aspects such as ease, affordability, and sustainability.
Understanding Menstrual Products
Pads are absorbent strips placed in underwear to collect menstrual flow. They’re incredibly user-friendly, requiring no insertion, and are available in various absorbency levels and lengths to accommodate light to heavy flows. Pads are widely accessible, affordable, and often the preferred choice for beginners who have just started their periods. However, they can feel bulky, especially under lighter clothing during heavy flows. Frequent pad changes are necessary on heavier days, and disposable pads contribute significantly to environmental waste, as most contain plastic components that do not biodegrade easily.
Tampons are cylindrical plugs inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual flow and are available with or without applicators for ease of use. They’re discreet, making them ideal for activities such as swimming and sports. Tampons can be worn for about 4–8 hours and are comfortable when inserted correctly, at which point they become unnoticeable. However, they require proper insertion technique, and there’s a rare but serious risk of toxic shock syndrome if left in too long. Some users may experience irritation or dryness, and, like pads, disposable tampons add to landfill waste due to their plastic applicators and packaging.
Menstrual cups are flexible, bell-shaped devices made from medical-grade silicone, rubber, or latex, inserted into the vagina to collect rather than absorb blood. They can hold 20–30 ml (about two tablespoons), significantly more than pads or tampons, and can be worn for up to 12 hours, making them suitable for heavy flows or overnight use. Cups are reusable for up to 10 years, eco-friendly, and cost-effective over time, with no risk of toxic shock syndrome when used correctly. Some drawbacks include the need for proper learning and practice for insertion and removal, regular cleaning, and a higher upfront cost, which may deter some users initially.
Period underwear features built-in absorbent layers, designed for light to moderate flows, though some brands offer high-absorbency options for heavier days. It feels like regular underwear, requires no insertion, and is reusable after washing, providing a comfortable and eco-friendly alternative. Period underwear is ideal for those seeking simplicity or who dislike insertion-based products. However, it has a higher initial cost, requires washing and drying time, and may not be sufficient alone for very heavy flows, which sometimes necessitates backup products like pads or cups.
Eco-Friendly Period Products
The environmental impact of menstrual products is a growing concern, as disposable pads and tampons often contain up to 90% plastic. This has driven demand for sustainable alternatives that reduce waste and harm to the environment.
Menstrual cups are a leading eco-friendly option due to their reusability and long lifespan. A single cup can replace thousands of disposable products, producing no waste during use and lasting up to a decade with proper care. Period underwear is another sustainable choice; it’s washable and reusable, with brands like THINX offering leak-proof, comfortable designs that can last for years. Reusable pads, made from natural fabrics like cotton or bamboo, provide an eco-friendly alternative to disposables, as they can be washed and reused repeatedly. For those who prefer disposable products, organic and biodegradable pads and tampons made from cotton or other natural materials decompose more readily than regular products sold in stores, thus reducing environmental impact.
A 2025 life-cycle assessment by researchers in France and the US highlights menstrual cups and period underwear as the most climate-friendly options due to their reusability and minimal waste. While reusable products have a higher upfront cost, they save money over time compared to disposables, making them both environmentally and economically advantageous.
Choosing the Right Product for Your Body
Selecting the best menstrual product is a personal decision influenced by the heaviness of flow, lifestyle, comfort preferences, and environmental values. Light flows can often be managed with pads, tampons, or period underwear. For heavier flows, high-absorbency tampons, menstrual cups, or a combination of products (like period underwear with a pad) may be necessary. Menstrual cups are particularly effective for heavy days due to their high capacity, holding more than most other options. Active individuals, such as swimmers, runners, or dancers, often prefer tampons or cups, which allow freedom during physical activities without worrying about leaks. Those with busy schedules, or who prefer low-maintenance options might opt for period underwear, which requires no insertion and feels like everyday wear. Some people find insertion uncomfortable or intimidating, making pads or period underwear more appealing. Others may prefer menstrual cups once they master the technique, as they’re often unnoticeable when inserted correctly. Anatomical differences, such as vaginal shape or sensitivity, can affect comfort, so trying different brands, sizes, or shapes (including firmer versus softer cups) may be necessary to find the right fit. In terms of environmental values, reusable options like cups, period underwear, or reusable pads are ideal, as they significantly reduce waste compared to disposables. While the initial cost may be higher, the long-term savings and environmental benefits make them appealing for eco-conscious individuals.
Practical Tips for Trying New Products:
- Begin with what feels most accessible. Pads are often the easiest option for beginners since they require no insertion and are simple to use.
- Experiment gradually by trying tampons or cups over a few cycles to evaluate comfort and fit. It may take time to become accustomed to new products.
- Read product instructions carefully, particularly for cups, as correct insertion and removal techniques are essential to prevent leaks or discomfort.
- Don’t be discouraged if it takes time to adjust. Keep a record of what works and what doesn’t.
- Consult healthcare providers, pharmacists, or trusted friends for advice, especially regarding concerns like TSS risk with tampons or proper cup sizing. Pharmacists can also offer guidance on product safety and usage.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250305-what-is-the-most-sustainable-period-product
https://www.pro-uro.com/post/tampons-sanitary-pads-or-period-cups-which-is-better
https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/feminine-products-pros-cons